Star Trek Enterprise explains that it involves medical intervention to allow interbreeding between species. I’ve always assumed that’s what was going on for everyone.

What exactly is Snap and why does everyone hate it?

It’s one of my favorite Star Trek episodes for that very reason. It’s an excellent trolley problem that forced Archer to do something bad to completely innocent people to save even more people.

I agree. The Fediverse stuff is really well suited for governments and businesses. They can be in complete control of their instance, post whatever information they want distributed, and they don’t need to rely on any other business for it.

In DS9, Dukat accidentally knocks up two Bajoran women and I seriously doubt they were undergoing advanced medical treatment to deliberately have a child in either situation.

There was a TNG episode that revealed that this ancient species seeded the galaxy with life which explains why there are so many humanoid species and might also explain how different species are capable or procreating.

Also, IIRC the few times he was in command, he wasn’t any good at it.