I agree, compiled languages prevent large classes of errors, including invoking functions with wrong parameters. However, whether or not you define calling max() with no arguments to be an error or not is unrelated to your language being compiled or interpreted. You could define max() to be -inf in C++ if you wanted, even though the language allows you to prevent invocations of max() with no arguments altogether.

The language not being compiled has nothing to do with error handling. You could have a min function that operates on dynamic arrays (e.g. std::min_element in C++ or min() in Python).

I remember the first time I ran out of inodes: it was very confusing. You just start getting ENOSPC, but du still says you have half the disk space available.