Well, it’s not a protocol, Subsonic is an app that became pretty famous in the MP3 era and had a nice API for which various clients were developed.
The source code was Open Source in the early days which was forked into e.g. AirSonic.
Both projects are dormant for a few years now. That’s why new ones have emerged that simulate the same API so all the client apps can still be used with them.
I don’t know anything about Neptune, but a Fediverse-version of TikTok is Loops.video.